Philodendron

Philodendrons are one of the most popular houseplants due to their attractive foliage and tropical vibe. With hundreds of philodendron species and cultivars to choose from, it can be overwhelming to decide which types are right for your home. This comprehensive guide covers everything you need to know about philodendron plant overview, care, and growing tips to help you successfully grow these tropical beauties.

Overview of Philodendron Plants

What are Philodendrons?

Philodendrons are a diverse group of tropical plants in the Araceae family. They are native to regions of South America and the Caribbean Islands. Philodendrons are identified by their heart-shaped leaves and vining growth habit. These hardy plants can thrive as houseplants or in tropical landscapes and conservatories.

There are over 400 species of philodendron plants. They come in many different leaf shapes, sizes, and colors – from vibrant green heart-shaped leaves to purple frilly foliage. The most popular indoor varieties include:

• Philodendron hederaceum (Heartleaf philodendron)
• Philodendron brasil (Lemon-lime philodendron)
• Philodendron micans (Velvet-leaved philodendron)
• Philodendron erubescens (Blushing philodendron)
• Philodendron bipennifolium (Horsehead philodendron)

Growth Characteristics

Philodendrons have a vining growth habit in their natural environment, using aerial roots to cling to tree trunks and climb upwards towards sunlight. They can be grown as hanging plants, allowing their trailing stems to gracefully cascade downwards.

Most philodendron species are epiphytic plants that grow non-parasitically on other plants and objects, rather than rooting in soil. They absorb moisture and nutrients through their leaves and roots. However, they can also be grown directly in potting soil as houseplants.

Indoors, philodendrons grow best in bright, indirect light. Too much direct sun will scorch their leaves. They enjoy warm temperatures between 65-80°F and moderate humidity.

Caring for Philodendrons

Soil and Potting

Philodendrons prefer a lightweight, well-draining potting mix amended with perlite or orchid bark to allow air circulation to their roots. A quality potting soil mixed with 30% perlite is ideal.

Good drainage is key, so make sure the pot you select has drainage holes. Plastic pots work better than terracotta or glazed ceramic that can hold too much moisture. Go up one size larger than the current roots when repotting.

Watering

Water philodendrons when the top 1-2 inches of soil become dry. Check by sticking your finger in the soil. During the growing season in spring and summer, they may need weekly watering. Reduce watering frequency in fall and winter when growth slows.

Always water thoroughly until it drains from the bottom drainage holes, then discard any excess water in the saucer. Too much standing water can lead to root rot.

Light Requirements

Philodendrons prefer bright, indirect lighting. A north or east-facing window is ideal in most climates. Direct hot sun will scorch their leaves. Grow lights can supplement lower light conditions.

Rotate the plant occasionally so all sides get exposure to light. New leaves will grow towards the light source. Keep an eye on older leaves yellowing, which indicates the plant needs more sunshine.

Fertilizer

Feed philodendrons monthly in spring and summer with a balanced houseplant fertilizer diluted to half strength. Any all-purpose, water-soluble plant food will work well. Fertilize sparingly in fall and winter when growth is slower.

Too much fertilizer can cause leaf burn. Flush the soil periodically with plain water to prevent buildup of salts that can damage philodendron’s roots.

Humidity

Philodendrons thrive in average household humidity but appreciate a boost in moisture. Use a humidifier, place their pots on pebble trays, or group plants together to increase humidity around the foliage.

Mist leaves occasionally with a spray bottle to hydrate the plants and wash off dust. Ensure the leaves dry quickly to prevent fungal diseases.

Temperature

Daytime temperatures between 65-80°F and slightly cooler at night are preferred. Most philodendrons can tolerate a wider range, from 50-90°F, but extremes of hot and cold impact their growth.

Pruning

Prune philodendrons periodically to keep them looking tidy and encourage bushier new growth. Clip off any dead or damaged foliage at the base of the stem using sterilized scissors.

Pinch or cut back leggy stems to a leaf node to promote branching and fullness. To propagate, simply root the pruned philodendron stem cuttings in water or moist potting mix.

Common Problems and Solutions

Drooping or Wilting Leaves

Drooping leaves that are limp or curling downward indicate the plant is under-watered and needs a good soak. Wilting that doesn’t improve after watering may signal root rot from overwatering.

Leaf Yellowing

Lower leaves turning yellow and dropping is normal as the plant matures, but significant yellowing can mean too little light. Try a brighter location or use grow lights to supplement.

Leaf Spots

Bacterial or fungal leaf spots may appear as small dots on the foliage. Improve air circulation and use an appropriate fungicide. Remove and destroy badly infected leaves.

Slow Growth

Insufficient light, poor soil nutrition, or cool temperatures can lead to slow growth. Boost light exposure, fertilize regularly in the growing season, and ensure temps stay sufficiently warm.

Pests

Watch for common houseplant pests like spider mites, aphids, or scale insects. Wipe leaves with a damp cloth to remove bugs. Apply horticultural oil or insecticidal soap for heavy infestations.

Top Tips for Growing Healthy Philodendrons

• Provide bright, indirect light without direct sun which burns delicate leaves.
• Allow soil to partially dry out between waterings and always drain any excess moisture.
• Increase humidity with a humidifier, pebble tray, or by grouping plants together.
• Fertilize monthly in spring and summer using a balanced houseplant fertilizer.
• Prune back overgrown, leggy stems to a leaf node to encourage bushy regrowth.
• Propagate by rooting philodendron stem cuttings in water or potting mix.
• Monitor for pests like spider mites, mealybugs, and scale under the leaves.
• Re-pot annually in fresh potting mix amended with perlite for drainage.

Caring for philodendrons is relatively simple when you provide the right growing conditions. They make a lush, tropical addition to indoor spaces. With so many varieties to choose from, you can find the perfect philodendron plant to match your style and environment.